The Employment Tribunal considered whether a university professor had been directly discriminated against, harassed and victimised for her gender-critical beliefs.
The Employment Tribunal has affirmed the claims made by a former professor against her previous employer, the Open University. The allegations include direct discrimination, harassment, victimisation, and constructive dismissal based on her gender-critical beliefs. Her perspectives, such as asserting that a person cannot alter their biological sex and emphasising the distinction between sex and gender identity, met the Grainger criteria and were protected under the Equality Act 2010.
Professor Phoenix expressed her gender-critical views by co-signing a letter to The Sunday Times in 2019, leading to harassment and direct discrimination by colleagues. In one instance, the Deputy Head of Department likened her to “the racist uncle at the Christmas dinner table.”
In 2021, Professor Phoenix and others established the Gender Critical Research Network (GCRN), an academic research group focusing on sex, gender, and sexualities from a gender-critical perspective. An open letter, signed by 368 colleagues, opposed the GCRN, calling for its closure due to perceived hostility and harm to the trans community. Professor Phoenix filed a grievance of bullying and harassment, citing false allegations of being hostile to trans rights, damage to her professional reputation, and mental health issues, including death threats. Six months after GCRN’s launch, she resigned following a statement from the Vice Chancellor that failed to condemn the campaign against her.
The Tribunal determined that Professor Phoenix had the right to express her beliefs by initiating and participating in GCRN. The publication of the open letter by colleagues, encouraging a “pile on” from others, was deemed harassment based on those beliefs. Several other instances of similar harassment were also upheld. Although the university did not disaffiliate GCRN, it failed to adequately protect Professor Phoenix from harm, fearing support for gender-critical beliefs. Specifically, it neglected to address her grievance while still employed and refused to remove certain online statements. This failure to act constituted harassment, and the decision to terminate the grievance process after Professor Phoenix resigned amounted to post-employment victimisation. The university’s breaches of implied terms of trust and confidence and the duty to provide a suitable working environment resulted in constructive dismissal.